April 16, 2021
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Children with a high genetic risk of developing type 1 diabetes are at increased risk for the disease if they are overweight or obese by the ages of 2 to 10 years. This is evident from study data published in Diabetologia.
“Previous studies have shown that an increased rate of weight gain was linked to the development of type 1 diabetes.” Anita M. Nucci, PhD, RD, LD, Chairman and associate professor in the Department of Nutrition at Georgia State University, and summer M. Virtanen, MD, PhD, Professor at the Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare and Tampere University, Finland, said Healio. “Our results showed that obesity using the standardized definition of the term during childhood (ages 2 to 10 years) increased the risk of developing type 1 diabetes and the risk of progression from autoimmunity to multiple islets Type 1 diabetes was linked. “
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Nucci, Virtanen, and colleagues analyzed data collected in the IDDM Reduction Study in Genetically at Risk (TRIGR), a type 1 diabetes prevention study, to determine whether weaning on a hydrolyzed infant formula affected type 1-diabetes incidence in children with a first-degree relative to type 1 diabetes and an increased genetic risk. Children at high risk for developing type 1 diabetes from the US, Canada, Australia and 12 European countries were recruited from May 2002 to January 2007. Height and weight data were collected from birth until the last participant reached the age of 10. Overweight was defined as a BMI of 25 kg / m2 or more and obesity as a BMI of 30 kg / m2 or higher.
Anita M. Nucci
summer M. Virtanen
Of the 2,149 TRIGR participants in TRIGR, 14% developed islet autoimmunity and 8% developed type 1 diabetes. The mean age for seroconversion to islet autoimmunity was 36.4 months and the mean age for onset of type 1 diabetes was 71.5 months.
The proportion of participants who were overweight increased from about 9% by the age of 2 to 28% by the age of 10, and the proportion of children with obesity increased from about 1.5% by the age of 2 to 9% by the age of 10 years. Annual growth measures, including weight z-score, height z-score, overweight, and obesity were not associated with the development of islet autoimmunity.
In time-varying growth models from 1 to 10 years, the weight Z-score was associated with a higher risk of multi-islet autoimmunity progression to type 1 diabetes (HR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.16-2 , 03; P = 0.003)) and development of type 1 diabetes (HR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.2-1.72; P <0.001). Overweight children were at higher risk of developing type 1 diabetes than normal weight children in a time-varying model (HR = 2.39; 95% CI, 1.46-3.92; P <0.001).
At 3 years of age, weight Z-score was associated with an increased risk of transition from multiple islet autoimmunity to type 1 diabetes (HR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.13-1.92; P = 0.004). There was also an increased risk of multi-islet autoimmunity progression to type 1 diabetes by 3 years of age in obese children (HR = 3.61; 95% CI, 1.73-7.54; P <0.001 ) and obesity (HR = 18.88; 95)% CI, 4.27-83.45; P <0.001).
The researchers said the results show the importance of monitoring the weight of children at high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.
“The study results provide practitioners with more evidence of the implementation of weight management strategies for children at risk for type 1 diabetes,” said Nucci and Virtanen. “We suggest that future studies investigate the impact of weight management strategies on mitigating these outcomes.”
For more informations:
Anita M. Nucci, PhD, RD, LDcan be reached at anucci@gsu.edu.
summer M. Virtanen, MD, PhDcan be reached at suvi.virtanen@tuni.fi.
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